What is a mammogram?

A: A mammogram is the name for a type of x-ray study performed to detect breast cancer and other abnormalities in the breast. 

During the procedure, the breast is compressed by the mammogram machine.  Images are taken from the front of the breast and from the side of the breast.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the American Cancer Society (ACS), the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) recommend screening mammography every year for women, beginning at age 40.

It is well established that the earlier your breast cancer is diagnosed and treated, the more likely you will be cured.

Another type of mammogram is called Digital Mammography, or Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM).  In this type of mammogram, there is no film.  Instead, electronic detectors, like the kind used in digital cameras, produce images of the breasts on a computer screen.  These images can also be printed on film similar to the type used in conventional mammography.

Some hospitals also use computer aided detection (CAD) systems.  These systems use computer software to search for breast cancer and other abnormalities.

Mammograms are usually referred to as either a screening mammogram or a diagnostic mammogram.  A screening mammogram is a routine mammogram done where there is no prior finding of an abnormality, such as a lump.  If there is an abnormal finding, the mammogram is called a diagnostic mammogram, which simply means that the images will be examined to determine the nature of the previously identified abnormality.

Sonograms (ultrasound) of the breast are often used in conjunction with mammograms to determine the existence and meaning of breast abnormaliities.


Links:

American Cancer Society - Mammograms

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force - Mammography

National Cancer Institute